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Two seasonal streams provided water, a scarce resource in the region, to the walled city which comprises a heavily fortified castle and ceremonial ground as well as streets and houses of different proportion quality which testify to a stratified social order.

A sophisticated water management system demonstrates the ingenuity of the Dholavira people in their struggle to survive and thrive in a harsh environment. The site includes a large cemetery with cenotaphs of six types testifying to the Harappan’s unique view of death. Bead processing workshops and artifacts of various kinds such as copper, shell, stone, jewellery of semi-precious stones, terracotta, gold, ivory and other materials have been found during archaeological excavations of the site, exhibiting the culture’s artistic and technological achievements.

Evidence for inter-regional trade with other Harappan cities, as well as with cities in the Mesopotamia region and the Oman peninsula have also been discovered.

Dholavira: a Harappan city, is one of the very few well preserved urban settlements in South Asia dating from the 3rd to mid-2nd millennium BCE. Being the 6th largest of more than 1,000 Harappan sites discovered so far, and occupied for over 1,500 years, Dholavira not only witnesses the entire trajectory of the rise and fall of this early civilization of humankind, but also demonstrates its multifaceted achievements in terms of urban planning, construction techniques, water management, social governance and development, art, manufacturing, trading, and belief system. With extremely rich artefacts, the well-preserved urban settlement of Dholavira depicts a vivid picture of a regional centre with its distinct characteristics, that also contributes significantly to the existing knowledge of Harappan Civilization as a whole.

The property comprises two parts: a walled city and a cemetery to the west of the city. The walled city consists of a fortified Castle with attached fortified Bailey and Ceremonial Ground, and a fortified Middle Town and a Lower Town. A series of reservoirs are found to the east and south of the Citadel. The great majority of the burials in the Cemetery are memorial in nature.

The configuration of the city of Dholavira, during its heyday, is an outstanding example of planned city with planned and segregated urban residential areas based on possibly differential occupational activities, and a stratified society. Technological advancements in water harnessing systems, water drainage systems as well architecturally and technologically developed features are reflected in the design, execution, and effective harnessing of local materials. Unlike other Harappan antecedent towns normally located near to rivers and perennial sources of water, the location of Dholavira in the island of Khadir was strategic to harness different mineral and raw material sources (copper, shell, agate-carnelian, steatite, lead, banded limestone, among others) and to facilitate internal as well as external trade to the Magan (modern Oman peninsula) and Mesopotamian regions.

Note : The above description of Dholavira: a Harappan city is by UNESCO website (CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0).

How to reach Dholavira

By Air:
The nearest airport to Dholavira is the Bhuj Airport (BHU). From Bhuj, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach Dholavira. The distance between Bhuj and Dholavira is approximately 220 kilometers.

By Train:
The nearest railway station to Dholavira is in Bhachau, which is about 90 kilometers away. Alternatively, you can also reach the Bhuj Railway Station and then proceed to Dholavira by road.

[#road]By Road:
From Bhuj:Dholavira is well-connected by road from Bhuj. You can hire a taxi or take a bus from Bhuj to reach Dholavira. The journey takes about 5-6 hours.
By Bus:
State transport buses and private buses operate from major cities in Gujarat to Dholavira. Check the Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) for bus schedules and availability.
[#car]By Car:
You can also drive to Dholavira from nearby cities like Bhuj or other parts of Gujarat. The roads are generally well-maintained.

Dholavira is located in a remote area, so it's advisable to plan your trip well in advance and carry essential supplies.